哪些城市的交通系统对女性最危险? 北京入选最安全城市之一
原标题:Where are the world's most dangerous transit systems forwomen?
来源:http://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/28/travel/worst-transport-for-women/index.html?hpt=wo_mid
STORYHIGHLIGHTS
Thomson ReutersFoundation says six in 10 women in major Latin American cities report having been physically harassed while using transport systems
Bogota,Colombia, found to have the most unsafe public transport, followed by MexicoCity and Lima
New York ratedas the best of the 16 cities followed by Tokyo, Beijing and London
故事梗概:
路透社称,在拉丁美地区主要的城市里,平均每10名女乘客就有6名会受到身体上的骚扰。
哥伦比亚波哥大的公共交通方式最不安全,紧接着是墨西哥城和利马
纽约在最安全公共交通城市排名中位列第一;东京、北京、伦敦随后。
(CNN) -- Alarming findings related to women'ssafety have come to light with the release of a Thomson Reuters Foundationsurvey that looks at harassment on public transportation systems in the world'slargest cities.
(CNN)--路透社的一项关于公共交通系统上性侵犯的民调在世界最大城市展开,该调查结果的发布给女性安全问题拉响警钟。
According to thenew report, six in 10 women in major Latin American cities report they've beenphysically harassed while using transport systems, with Bogota, Colombia, foundto have the most unsafe public transportation, followed by Mexico City andLima, Peru.
据研究,在拉丁美地区主要的城市里,2/3的女性称在各种交通工具遭受过性骚扰。其中哥伦比亚波哥大的公共交通方式最不安全,紧接着是墨西哥城、秘鲁利马。
At the other endof the safety spectrum, New York was rated as the best of the 16 cities studiedfollowed by Tokyo, the world's largest capital with 38 million people, thenBeijing and London.
The poll wasconducted in 15 of the world's largest capitals, as well as New York, the mostpopulous city in the United States, in collaboration with UK polling companyYouGov.
而在拥有最安全公共交通系统的城市排名中,纽约位列第一,被认为是16个城市里最安全的一个。接着是世界上最大的城市--拥有380万人口的日本东京,再接着是北京和纽约。
Here are the results,from ranked from worst to best:
以下是研究结果的排名,从最差到最好排列
1. Bogota,Colombia
2. Mexico City
3. Lima, Peru
4. New Delhi
5. Jakarta,Indonesia
6. Buenos Aires
7. Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia
8. Bangkok
9. Moscow
10. Manila,Philippines
11. Paris
12. Seoul
13. London
14. Beijing
15. Tokyo
16. New York
1. 哥伦比亚波哥大2. 墨西哥城 3. 秘鲁利马 4. 新德里 5. 印度尼西亚雅加达
6. 布宜诺斯艾利斯 7. 吉隆坡 8. 曼谷 9.墨西哥 10. 菲律宾马尼拉 11.巴黎
12.首尔 13.伦敦 14.北京 15.东京16.纽约
In total, 6,555women and experts were surveyed.
有6 555名女性和两性专家参与此次路透社的民调
Results arebased on the respondents' answers as well as surveys of experts in women'srights, gender equality, urban planning and gender-friendly urban spaces ineach of the cities.
调查结果基于两方面:所有受访者的回答以及专家在每个城市内展开的关于女性权利、性别公平、城市规划、无性别歧视范围的调查。
The ThomsonReuters Foundation said polling could not be conducted in five other largecapitals -- Cairo, Dhaka (Bangladesh), Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of theCongo), Tehran and Baghad -- due to conflict or an inability by polling companyYouGov to guarantee the necessary online sample of women.
路透社称,在另外五个国家首都内无法进行投票,这五个城市包括:开罗,达卡(孟加拉),金沙萨(刚果民主共和国),德黑兰以及巴格达。这是因为英国民治调查公司无法确定必要的在线女性,因而无法进行民意调查。
The group saysit did survey 10 experts in Cairo, the world's fifth largest capital, but thosefindings were not included in the overall ranking as YouGov could not carry outthe public poll.
调查组称,在世界上第五大首都--开罗他们确实调查了十名专家,但是这些发现并未能呈现在整体排名上,因为英国民治调查公司无法进行民意调查。
Had they beenincluded, it would have put Cairo in the top five most dangerous transportsystems, said the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
路透社称,要是这些国家也包含在内的话,开罗将会在拥有最危险公共交通系统的城市中名列前五。
What constitutesharassment?
是什么构成了骚扰?
The foundationsays the survey was conducted in many different cultures, and allowedrespondents to judge what constituted harassment in their own society.
这次民调在不同文化下展开,且允许受访者对他们自己国家产生骚扰的原因进行评判。
Women were askedsix questions relating to: how safe they felt traveling alone at night; therisk of being verbally harassed by men; the risk of being groped or subjectedto other forms of physical harassment; trust that other passengers would assista woman being physically or verbally abused; and trust in authorities toinvestigate reports of sexual harassment or violence. Have you been harassed?Share your experience in an open letter
受访女性被问及6个相关的问题:深夜独自一人行走有多危险;被男性进行言语骚扰的几率有多少;是否曾被猥亵,或经历其他形式的身体骚扰;是否相信其他路人会援助受到身体或言语骚扰;是否相信官方机构会对性骚扰或暴力报导进行调查;你有没有过受骚扰的经历?请写一封公开信和我们分享。
In Moscow,respondents reportedly had little confidence that authorities would investigatean abuse report, while 85% of Paris women doubted fellow public transport userswould come to their rescue if they were in trouble.
墨西哥当地女性对当局调查性侵投诉没信心;而85%的巴黎女性并不认为其他乘客会帮她们解困。
In anaccompanying Thompson Reuters Foundation report based on the survey, MaryCrass, head of policy at the International Transport Forum, an OECD think tank,said it was worrying that women were scared to use public transport in somemajor cities and the poll highlighted the need for more action.
在基于路透社此次民调的一个报告中,作为经合组织智囊团的国际运输论坛领导玛丽(MaryCrass)认为在许多大城市女性对使用公共交通设施产生恐惧,因此这一民意调查结果反映我们应该采取更多行动。
"When thereis not frequent, reliable, accessible transport, this can affect women andanyone's ability to access opportunity and notably employment in urban areas,which can make a big difference for women in particular," she said.
她说“没有频繁、可靠而便利的交通,势必会影响女性及任何人在城市获得机会尤其是就业岗位,这对女性而言尤为困难”
"(Women)tend to be more reliant on public transport and on non-motorized means,particularly in low-income or middle-income countries, in emergingeconomies."
“她们更倾向于依靠公交以及非机动车工具,这在低收入,中等收入国家以及发展中国家尤其如此”
Women-only carsa short-term fix, say experts
一些专家认为,女性专用车只是短时间的一种解决方案。
Tokyo's highstanding may come as a surprise to those familiar with the highly publicized problemswomen have faced when riding Japanese subways, with widespread reports ofgroping consistently making headlines.
东京的名列前茅,许多熟悉日本女性在使用地铁时面临的高度曝光问题的人或许会大吃一惊,因为日本女性在公车上被猥亵不断登上头条。
The ThompsonReuters Foundation said experts attributed Tokyo's second place ranking to araft of measures taken in the city over recent years to combat such incidentsin often overcrowded buses and trains.
路透社透露,专家们把东京排在第二的主要原因是,近几年东京采取了许多措施以抵制在过度拥挤的公车和火车而产生的问题。
These includethe introduction of women-only trains in 2000, which are color-coded in pink,and transit police to enforce rules.
这包括在2000年推出了女性专用火车,该火车通体粉红,乘警更是在车上加强秩序。
Women-onlysections on public transport are now also found in Jakarta, Kuala Lumpur,Delhi, Cairo and Manila.
公共交通设施上的女性专用车厢现已在雅加达,吉隆坡,新德里,开罗及马尼亚推行。
Thomson ReutersFoundation said other cities, including London, are considering this option andintroducing CCTV on platforms and improving lighting.
路透社称,包含伦敦在内的其他城市也在考虑推行该措施,并安装摄像头和调亮车上的灯光。
However, genderand city planning experts have raised concerns over whether women-onlytransport is effective.
然而,性别和城市规划专家们则对女性专用车的效率感到堪忧。
Julie Babinard,senior transport specialist from the World Bank, says they're a short term fixand not a panacea for harassment of women.
世界银行资深交通专家朱莉(JulieBabinard)认为女性专用车只是一个短暂的解决方案,并不是解决女性遭骚扰的灵丹妙药。
"Theemerging interest in several countries on women-only initiatives should be seenas an opportunity for improving security in cities but not as a silver bulletfor dealing with gender-based violence in transportation and urbansettings," Babinard told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.
她告诉路透社,“多个国家对推行女性专用车的动机只能看做是提高城市安全的一个机会,而不是解决在交通工具上以及城市环境下的性别暴力的有力措施”
"Women-onlyinitiatives are not likely to provide long-term solutions as they onlysegregate by gender and provide a short-term remedy instead of addressing morefundamental issues."
“女性专用车这一动机并不像是要提供一个长期的解决方案,因为那只是对性别进行分离,并给出了短期的方案,这并没有解决更根本的问题。”
Although expertsremain critical of single-sex transport, most women favored the idea, accordingto the survey。
尽管专家们对单性别交通运输工具仍持批判态度,但根据民调,绝大多数女性还是相当支持这一做法的。
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